[Effect of magnesium sulfate on cardiac arrhythmias after open heart surgery]

Postoperative cardiac arrhythmias are among the most common complications of cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of infusion of magnesium-sulfate on the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias especially atrial fibrillation [AF] and premature ventricular contraction [PVC] in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]. In this clinical trial 120 patients were randomly divided into two groups. In experimental group sixty patients received intravenous magnesium-sulfate 2gr at the night before operation and 2gr during operation and 30mg/kg on the first, second, third, and fourth days after surgery. In control group sixty patients underwent surgery as the routine treatment. Incidence of atrial fibrillation and premature ventricular contraction were evaluated during and after surgery. For analysis of qualitative variables, X[2] and Exact Fischer tests were used. Preoperative patient characteristics and operative variables were similar in both groups [P>0.05]. No postoperative AF was detected in the patients of magnesium group, while 4 [8.3%] patients in control group developed AF post-operatively [P=0.03]. Post-operative PVC occurred in 12 [20.7%] patients of magnesium group and in 21 [42.9%] patients of control group [P=0.02]. Infusion of magnesium sulfate during operation seems to be effective in the prevention of new episodes of AF and PVC after coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]

[ evaluation on the presence of Betalactamase gene in primary teeth periapical infections]

The presence of Beta-lactamase gene in microorganism is believed to be responsible for resistance of subsequent infections to routine and penicillin derivates antibiotics. As such bacteria resistance has been a continuing and evolving problem in the management of the case efforts are centered on the distribution of such gene to provoke clinicians to use alternative antimicrobial agents. This investigation was aimed at the presence of the beta-lactamase gene in microorganisms responsible for peri-apical infections of primary teeth. Samples were taken from dental abscess of infected teeth from a group a 40 children attending the pediatric dental clinic. They aged 4-10 with at least 1 infected primary tooth with no systemic background. Attempts were made to make sure none of the selected cases had received any antibiotics during the last two weeks prior to sampling. The rapid and fine rapid polymerase chain reaction technique [PCR] was used to identify the gene transcript including any beta-lactamase gene presence. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. Assessing the collected data and a further analysis revealed the presence rate of beta-lactamase at 63.2% of the cases. As the presence of the beta-lactamase gene was approved in more than 60% of the cases a definite need for a more appropriate and precise antibiotic therapy of infected primary teeth is recommended

Assessment of pathogens microorganisms of periapical abscess in primary teeth

Dental abscess is considered as one of the most common complications of untreated caries in children. Microorganisms are known as major causes for the pulp and periradicular pathosis. Black - pigmented, gram -negative anaerobes, belonging to species of porphyromonas and prevotella [bacteroides] play an important role in causing clinical signs and symptoms related to pulp and periradicular disease. The aim of this investigation was to assess the presence of two main pathogenic microorganisms named porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella melaninogenica in abscessed primary teeth. Forty children aged 4-10 years were selected with no systemic disease and no antibiotic consumption during the last two weeks of sampling. Selected teeth were presenting swelling and pain at observation stage as signs of acute abscess. The diagnostic technique of porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella melaningenica was the use of DNA formulation reading by means of PCR technique. Results showed that of the 40 samples, 35 [%87.5] were positive for porphyromonas gingivalis, 34 [%85] were positive for prevotella melaninogenica. However, it seems that more work is required for more precise antibiotic therapy of dental abscess in children. The presence of two well known species of microorganisms in periapical abscess of primary teeth was confirmed